Dubitatio as a Rhetorical Strategy

Dubitatio is a  rhetorical term for the expression of doubt or uncertainty. The doubt that is expressed may be genuine or feigned. Adjective: dubitative. Also called indecision. In oratory, dubitatio commonly takes the form of expressions of uncertainty about the ability to speak effectively. EtymologyFrom the Latin, wavering in opinion Examples and Observations To be, or not to be, that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troublesAnd by opposing end them. . . .(From Hamlets soliloquy in Act III, scene 1, of William Shakespeares Hamlet)Comic Dubitatio[E]ventually it became clear that the only thing to do was to go to Croyden, where [British Telecoms] offices are.And that, gentlemen, is how I discovered the legendary Arsehole of the Universe, a sort of reverse Shangri-La where you age hundreds of years in a mere lunchtime. Can I speak of the mystical Telecom eyrie, the fabled Delta Point, with its solemn procession of whining, impotent, bearded men in brown Terylene suits? Can I tell of its burger bars, car parks, building society offices? Is my pen capable of painting its atmosphere of municipal sniveling and cheeseparing rapaciousness? Have I the tongue to sing its one-way system?No.(Michael Bywater, Bargepole. Punch, August 24, 1990)Dubitatio in Shakespeares  Julius CaesarI come not, friends, to steal away your hearts:I am no  orator, as Brutus is;But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man,That love my friend; and that they know full wellThat gave me public leave to speak of him:For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth,Action, nor  utterance, nor the power of speech,To stir mens blood: I only speak right on.(Marc Antony in William Shakespeares  Julius Caesar, Act III, scene 2)Dubitatio as the Ironic Expression of Doubt- One device of which [Thomas Hobbes] makes frequent use is dubitatio, the ironic expression of doubt or ignorance. . . . Some English rhetoricians had assumed that the purpose of the device is to give voice to genuine uncertainties, in consequence of which they made no distinction between dubitatio and aporia. But others recognised that, as Thomas Wilson observes, the defining characteristic of dubitatio must be its disingenuousness. We are far from expressing any real uncertainty; we merely make the hearers believe that the weight of our matter causeth us to doubte what were best to speake.(Quentin Skinner, Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes. Cambridge University Press, 1997)- Dubitatio  consists in the speakers trying to strengthen the credibility (fides veritatis) of his own point of view by means of a feigned oratorical helplessness, which expresses itself in the appeal to the  audience, made in the form of a question, for advice concerning the efficient and relevant intellectual development of the speech.(Heinrich Lausberg,  Handbook of Literary Rhetoric: A Foundation for Literary Study, 2nd ed.. Translated by Matthew T. Bliss and edited by David E. Orton and R. Dean Anderson. Brill, 1998)Dubitatio and IntonationDubitatio is not always an oratorical device . . .. The speakers intonation always conveys a high or low degree of assurance. Doubt is quite natural in interior monologue.(Bernard Dupriez, A Dictionary of Literary Devices, trans. by Albert W. Halsall. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1991)The Lighter Side of Dubitatio- [N]othing irks quite as much as the luvvie that takes to the stage and utters the big fat lie: I havent prepared a speech, because I really didnt think I was going to win.What do they mean, they didnt think they were going to win? They are in a category of four nominees. And its not like they havent seen award  ceremonies before where the result was unexpected. Of course they thought they might win, and of course they spent the whole week leading up to the ceremony rehearsing their speech again and again--in the shower; on the loo; walking up the stairs; walking down the stairs; staring in the fridge; squeezing their teabags; moisturising; doing their press-ups; taking out the recycling; changing a light bulb; chopping onions; flossing; tossing their socks in the laundry bin; loading the dishwasher; turning lights off; turning lights on; drawing the curtains; sniffing the milk--so youd have thought they would ha ve got it down pat by now. And you know what, they have. Because the speech theyve been endlessly rehearsing is this:I havent  prepared a speech, because I really didnt think I was going to win.Liars.(Rob Brydon, Lee Mack, and David Mitchell,  Would I Lie To You?  Faber Faber, 2015)-  You know Im not good at making speeches, especially when I dont have you to write them for me.(Dan Wanamaker, played by Alan Alda, in What Women Want, 2000)

Essay Animal Testing - 730 Words

Kenzi Winnegrad Professor Hojem English 2 October 2017 Exploratory Essay: Animal Testing Animal testing is an extremely controversial topic because it deals with delicate matters and matters of humanity. Animal testing is intended to help consumers buy safe and healthy products, but they are torturing innocent animals by doing so. People that are in favor of animal testing usually are also advocates for medical research and progress, though there have been other proven methods of research. But they don’t think of it as tormenting and killing animals. On the other hand, a lot of people are compassionate about animals and think that testing on them is inhumane. These advocates of the animals think that an animal’s safety should be put†¦show more content†¦The author states that biologically, animals and people are very different. Additionally, â€Å"the biological differences between humans and animals make it possible for a chemical or substance to be both safe for animals yet toxic to humans† (Miley, â€Å"Cons Against Animal Testingâ € ). There is the legal aspect of the topic to consider also. Many people think that the Animal Welfare Act legally protects animals and that they often are not harmed during testing. But, the author’s thoughts may suggest otherwise. The Animal Welfare Act protects pets like dogs and cats, however it provides no protection for birds, mice, and rats. These birds, mice, and rats â€Å"make up more than 90 percent of all laboratory animals† (Miley, â€Å"Cons Against Animal Testing†). To not be covered by this Animal Welfare Act means that they legally â€Å"are subjected to painful medical procedures and conditions without anesthesia or other forms of pain relief† (Miley, â€Å"Cons Against Animal Testing†). This author’s ideas directly conflicts with the ideas in my first source. My last source I found doesn’t really favor either side of the argument. The author provides information about alternatives to animal testing. The auth or believes that new technology could put forward a better way of testing than using animals. The source offers thorough descriptions of new alternative testing modes, for example, â€Å"the human cell-based in vitro† (â€Å"Alternatives to Animal Testing†), whichShow MoreRelated Animal testing Essay1964 Words   |  8 Pagescomes to animals and their rights, there is a definite line between our needs and our taking advantage of those species that we consider inferior. As long as man has existed he has been carnivorous, and the same holds true for many other species of animals. Animals are a necessity to humans for survival, whether it be for food, clothing, etc. However, the unnecessary torture of animals through testing is not a necessity for human survival. When it comes to the needless torture of animals that we claimRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing1728 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"twenty-five million and 30 million† animals are exploited in experiments; â⠂¬Å"half are only used through education† (Donna 7). â€Å"A 40% is applied in basic research, the 26% for drug development, a 20% are examined for products, and the 14% that is left is applied on education and miscellaneous† (Donna 5). The inhumane cruelty affects the innocent creatures. Animals should only be used for education, and research purposes. Therefore, regulations must increase on animal protection. Increasing policiesRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing798 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year, animals are subjected to cruel and unnecessary experimentation. According to the USDA, â€Å"between 1990-1997 research labs registered with the USDA reported killing at least 12,895,885 dogs, cats, primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, bears, armadillos, squirrels, wild rodents and other species. This doesnt include non USDA registered labs† (â€Å"Wikianswers†). Lab animals are cut up and tortured to death all in the name of science. How can we as fellow animal species continue to allowRead More Animal testing Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesUse of animals for Laboratory Testing There has been an on going debate on whether to use animals for laboratory testing. There are people now saying the use of animals in laboratory testing is not necessary and there are other alternatives. Many of these people claim the tests that are performed on the animals are not particularly valid. On the other hand, others claim that laboratory testing has been depended on animals to achieve medical advances. Whether or not the use of animals in laboratoryRead More Animal Testing Essay710 Words   |  3 Pagesanimal testing â€Å"Beauty without cruelty† is the outcry that can be heard from animal right activists around the world. The FDA does not require companies to perform tests on animals but if the cosmetic product contains chemicals that can be seen as toxins, testing becomes a necessity. There are currently thirteen safety tests that are performed on animals. Anti-testing activists deem these unnecessary and consider them to be cruel. â€Å"Fourteen million animals are used currently in the U.SRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing676 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing In the 1880’s, Louis Pasteur conducted one of the most unpleasant series of animal experiments in the history of the fight against infectious disease. Unable to see the organism that causes rabies with the microscopes available, he convinced a skeptical medical community of the microorganism’s existence and also the possibility of vaccinating against it. He did this by doing work on rabbits and dogs. In 1885, after much heart searching, he tried out his rabies vaccine on aRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing1383 Words   |  6 Pagesand Behavior Animal testing is not a problem in today’s society because it is beneficial to humans. It seems unethical to put animals through such pain and torture, but if we stopped it completely there would be a large amount of human lives lost. How could this be? The further advancements in medical and technological science is inevitable. Therefore, if the testing must be done to learn more about the brain and body, which species (animals or man) seems expendable for such testing. The real questionRead MoreAnimal Testing and Mistreatment of Animals Essay554 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal research has played a major role in developing medications and treatments available to humans today, without animals, doctors would not be able to introduce these medications and treatments without initially testing them for safety. My wife has a son who was born without the pulmonary artery and because of animal research; he was provided another outlet for survival. In his first five days of life, he underwent surgery. It was the longest days of her life as she reminiscences, for twelveRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Wrong Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing has been around since the third and fourth centuries BC, when it was performed by Greek philosopher-physicians. However, it is unknown when people began to question this process. In today’s society, the idea of testing products on animals has become more and more controversial with numerous groups being created and becoming even more vocal. While people will decide for themselves where they stand in this argument, I would hope that most would agree that animal abuse is wrong. So,Read More Animal Testing Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;More and more animals are being taken form their natural habitats and tested on every year. Researchers, scientists, and companies just trying to make new products are using animals to further their experiments. If animal testing continues to happen at this rate then their will be no animals left to use for food, study, or even for simple amusement. When the animals are being taken form their natural environments it harms

A World of Critical Thinkers Free Essays

The world is becoming more competitive thus, there is an need to make decisions that would matter. In formulating intelligent decisions, the individual should not only think individually but holistically. It is through collective thinking that he is able to see the real impact of a certain act. We will write a custom essay sample on A World of Critical Thinkers or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this day and age, there are is a need to look beyond the facts and analyze things deeper. As much as possible, all details should be taken into consideretion. The paper contains a discussion of critical thinking and how it could help in the formulating intelligent decisions. It enumerates the characterisitics of a critical thinker and the instances whhere this form of thinking can be applied. A World of Critical Thinkers Many educators are concerned with the way their students process information. There are those who exhibit confusion and doubt their understanding of the lessons while there are those who feel confident about it and can answer any question related to the topic. This variance that educators get from their students places them in doubt whether or not they are able to reach out to the needs of their students. In most instances, the teacher is the provider of the information while the student is the receiver; seldom does it happen that process is reversed. This is the reason why many students exhibit dependence to their teachers. However, this should not be the case as it is like spoon feeding them. Learning is not merely about absorbing the information that are provided, it is about understanding, analyzing and thinking critically the subject matter presented. The level of understanding of the students do not actually depend on their mental capacity but on their capability to think critically. Critical thinking is a form of reflective, skillful and responsible thinking. It is going beyond the facts and finding reason for the existence of those facts. It is the ability of an individual to take charge of his own thinking by developing criteria and standards for assessment (Elder and Paul,1994). Critical thinkers are not contented with what are merely presented to them, they exert effort to understand and reason out through gathering additional information. They analyze holistically and not individually. Through this collective analysis, one can interconnect the details and see the real impact thereof. Good conclusions are not simply formulated from a simple set of facts; they are based on research and critical analysis. A good critic ignores his biases and tries to understand things as they appear. He uses evidence impartially and skillfully. He is someone who is willing to let go of his hypothesis and formulated conclusions in case the results do not come out right. He is open minded and expects a lot of possibilities. He does not limit himself with what he knows; instead he explores to understand and learn. He also understands the difference between logically valid and invalid inferences and can distinguish the variance betweem reasoning and rationalizing. Most of the designers of critical thinking programs are social scientists. They create these designs mainly to improve thinking in the fields of social studies and the humnanities (Schafersman, 1991). Critical thinking can be applied in lectures, laboratories, making of homeworks, quantitative execises such as solving mathematical and word problems, making of term papers and most importantly answering questions during examinations. These activities encourage the students to understand better and apply inquisitive and reasoning skills (Schafersman, 1991). Critical thinking skills should be developed as early as possible because once this is established, it will be easier for the individual to make intelligent choices. The reason why many people commit mistakes is not because of mere ignorance or frailty of mind. They commit mistakes because they fail to think intelligently and analyze the facts involved before they act or make decisions. Hard decisions in life are made after careful thinking and analysis. All aspects of the issue is viewed and all possible effects are expected. A critical thinker is able plan ahead and provide remedy for any anomaly that may happen in the execution of his task or in the realization of the decision that he made. At work, the application of critical thinking is inevitable. Proper decisions must be made in order for the company to function better. Any unintelligent decision may create serious repurcussions. Every move must count and the effects thereof be combatted easily. I was once assigned to make a proposal regarding the expansion of the market of the company that I work for. In making the proposal, I did not simply rely on what I know instead I conducted research and surveys. First I listed the interests of the company and its main goals then I made a list of competitors and analyzed their profile. I studied their strengths and weaknesses as well as the business interetsts that they have. Through this process, I was able to figure out on which aspect can the company can develop an edge over the others. When I have determined the aspect to concetrate on, I researched for possible markets for the new undertaking. I conducted surveys to determine its profitability and the people who will patronize it. Knowing the class of people who are interested in the undertaking will help the company in creating products and giving services that they need and want. A company exists to provide services and products for the consumption of the people. They exist to serve and gain profit thus, in formulating decisions, they make sure that the needs of their clients are addressed. After generating data for the new business and the market thereof, I also made an analysis on how to go about with it. The advantages and disadvantages were laid out as well as the probability of the success of the business. Analyzing the data as well as the results of the surveys was a difficult task since these were not seen as they are. There was a holistic analysis of the issues presented to better understand the impact of the project. Taking them piece by piece may not necessarily yield to the results that the company needs. I had to look beyond the facts and think for the future. I also opened my mind to several possibilities that may happen and prepared back up plans in case the initial plan fails. The result generted from all of these facts were collated to form the proposal. It was after completing the job that I realized the importance of critical thinking. There is a need to think out of the box to be able to list down endless possibilities and ways of exploring those possibilities. Through the activity,i realized that critical thinking is a tedious process, however the results generated from it makes the effort worthwhile. Through critical thinking, the world becomes more colorful and exciting. References Elder, L. and Paul, R. â€Å"Critical thinking: why we must transform our teaching. † Journal of Development Education, Fall 1994. Schafersman, S. (1991). An Introduction to Critical Thinking. Free Inquiry. Retrieved 14 October 2008 from, http://www. freeinquiry. com/critical-thinking. html How to cite A World of Critical Thinkers, Papers

Western Music History free essay sample

It was, however, not always so black-and-white during the says of early musical revolution; it was even less of the case when it came to classical music. For the remainder of this thesis, would like to bring attention to four composers who I felt not only helped music evolve in terms Of style, but also change the way the world will look at them, forever. First, let us begin by defining what the various styles of classical music is, as well as their evolutions. Early Western classical music is divided into medieval, renaissance and baroque, the last of which is where this thesis will be delving into first before going along the timeline.Mozart and Beethoven biographer Maynard Solomon has said that while the arguably two most famous composers of all time have helped popularize classical music amongst the general masses through various means of media, it is without a doubt that without the likes of Bach and his peers, there would have been no Gustavo Mailer or Richard Strauss. That would take place centuries after most of these composers have passed on. Nevertheless, how exactly did the composers of back then affect not only music, but people in general now?Richard Tarsuss from the University of California argued that John Adams peer The Death of Cliffhanger was romanticism terrorists, and Australian- American composer Melissa Dungy has been frowned upon for using wordings from controversial speeches against neo-Baroque styled music for politically charged pieces. Did classical music really have a hand in the political or socio-economic scene of their time period? Let us take a look. Going not only in chronological order but also in terms of musical evolution, the first to come up would be a man known the world over by his last name: Johann Sebastian Bach.Such is the legacy of the man that after over 200 ears Of his death, his middle and surname would be taken as the Stage name of rock/metal band Skid ROWS frontal. While most people would assume a composer is merely someone who sits at a piano, Bach was in reality an organist, harp sichordist, violist and violinist. A pioneer of the Baroque period, Bach began musical tutelage under his father, a famous local violinist from his hometown of Sciences, Germany. Born in 1685, the young Johann Sebastian had to live with his brother Johann Christopher from the tender young age of 9 after his parents had passed away. Through his brother, who as an organ player in church and had himself studied under Johann Poachable, Bach began learning the clavichord before being given a scholarship to study music at the age of 14. This would later prove invaluable as it exposed him to a wider aspect of European culture, whilst rubbing shoulders with the sons of noblemen. Once free from his studies at SST. Michaels School in Lundeberg, Bach came into the employment of several churches and even one Duke Johann Ernst from Whimper. His dissatisfaction with his employers led him to seek a job at SST.Ballasts, where not only did he eve better working conditions, but it is also where he met his future wife Maria Barbara Bach. After convincing the church and city government to renovate the organ at the church, he in turn wrote his first hit Got sit mien K ¶nigh, BOW 71- for the inauguration of the new council. In 1723, Bach began to get seriously busy and began rewriting his and other composers composition, this is a common practice in those days, it is known that Bachs technique of imitating and improvising is nearly as creative as an original composition.It was between 1 722 and 1 742 when Bach would write The Well- Tempered Clavier to demonstrate a technique called equal temperament, which meant that all adjacent notes will have an identical frequency ratio, and doing so in all 24 major and minor keys. Due to this, most classically trained pianists can find their way between an F# and a KGB, which are two different notes although they are the same inharmoniously. Indeed, after his death, Beethoven called Bach the original father Of 1903).After the passing of Bach in 1750, six years later a boy would be born also in Germany, and just like Bach, have his first name given to the son of rock agene Eddie Van Helen, and his middle name the title of a cult movie: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Alth ough widely regarded as someone from the classical era as opposed to Baroque as in the case of Bach, Mozart came from similar beginnings: his father was too a famous violinist.However, unlike Bach, Mozart needed not receive any musical education; he was spotted as prodigy early on by his father at the tender age of 3, and already writing simple compositions by the age of 5. Along with his sister Maria Anna, nicknamed Manner, Mozart and family would travel across Europe to play in courts to the audience of several noblemen. Indeed, a particular influence on the young Mozart would be to see one Johann Christian Bach, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach, whom he met in London in 1 764 and 1765.Touring back then was even more difficult than in todays time, as they constantly had to wait for reimbursement from the nobility as well as near fatal illnesses that struck both the children as well as father Leopold. After returning from Italy on March 1 773, Mozart, who had by now composed several operas, soon found appointment in the Syllabus court by employment of ruler Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colored. It was here hat Mozart developed some of his best works: five violin concertos, the only ones he ever wrote, as well as a K. 71 , a piano concerto considered by many to be breakthrough piece of music (Solomon, 1995). However, after plying his trade the re as well as Paris, it would not be until his move to Vienna in 1781 after a falling out with his employer Archbishop Colored that Mozart would become the composer we know of him as today. This move is the revolutionary step in his career, as well as his life (Solomon, 1995). He soon immersed himself in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederic Handel, due to Gottfried van Sweeties owning many manuscripts of Baroque maestros.Needless to say, his knowledge of these pieces of work along with his prodigious skills made him a remarkably famous and successful composer, which in turn led him to becoming a Freemason in 1784. Towards the end of his life, Mozart returned to writing operas, writing the masterpieces The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni before the Status- Turkish War hindered his career. Indeed, a young Beethoven spent several weeks in Vienna hoping to study with him, although no records indicate that he two ever met. Alas, Mozart would fall ill on 6 September 1791 and die almost exactly 3 months later, on 5 December at the age of 35.Nevertheless, when one door closes, another opens. This came in the form Of a Polish composer by the name of FRR ©d ©rice Franà §ois Chopin. Like Mozart, Chopin too was a prodigy, and likewise also received musical training from not only his father who was a flautist and violinist, but also his mother who played the piano. Unlike Mozart, he did receive musical education from Czech composer Which Zany. Just like his predecessors, he started his career at he age of 7 by giving public concerts, before becoming a playmate to the son of Grand Duke Constantine, the Russian Poland ruler.By the autumn of 1826, Chopin began studies under the wing of composer Jeff Eisner at the Warsaw Conservatory. Three years later, he would be premiering his Variations on L CIA dared la Mann, Pop. 2 which is a variation of a theme from Mozart aforementioned Don Giovanni. The difference between Chopin and his virtuoso predecessors is that his income from teaching and composing allowed him to be financially independent Of concert-giving something Mozart and Bach were not so lucky to have.After leaving Poland for the very last time in 1831, Chopin became a French citizen and firmly established himself as one of Rupees premiere piano players and composers, playing pieces by Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and also his own. Combining elements of his traditional Polish folk music as well as from the composers above, Chopin ushered in a new age of music: the Romantic period. Alas, just like many greats before and after him, Chopping health, which was already known to be very poorly since a very young age, deteriorated very quickly.On 17th October 1849, Chopin passed away with his sister Ludwig by his side. His cause of death has been thought to be tuberculosis, although it is debatable; it has since simply been known as Chopping disease. She then remove d his heart and placed it in an urn, which is now interred in Warsaw Holy Cross church. It should be noted that his funeral was a grand affair, with entrance being restricted to ticket holders, as well as Mozart Requiem being played at the ceremony complete with several soloists, in addition to his own work.Chopin was known for employing a rubout style of playing into his work, a style that was also prevalent in the works of Mozart before him. Fellow Romantic era composer Robert Schumann also noted that Chopin had a strong sense of Polish nationalism in him; he once said in a review of Chopping concertos in 1 836 that Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the 1 830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger if the mighty autocrat in the north [I. E. Tsar Alexander l] could know that in Chopping works, in the simple strains of his mazurka, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music.Chopping works are cannon buried in flowers! (Schumann, 1988). Last but not least, the composer who is considered to have bridged the g ap teen late 19th century and early 20th century Western classical music: Claude Debussy. Along with fellow composer Maurice Ravel, Debussy was one of the most prominent and influential composers of Impressionist music. Hailing from France, Debussy is the only one of the four composers Ive mentioned that came from a non-musical background; his father owned a shop which sold china and crockery, and his mother was a seamstress.He began taking violin lessons at the age of seven, who in turn drew the attention of supposed Chopin student Marie Matt © De Reveille. At the age of 0, he enrolled in the Paris Conservatoire, where he spent 11 years studying and struck up a friendship with fellow student Isadora Philipp, who after Debussy death would be asked for advice on how to play his pieces. Although he played pieces by Beethoven, Schumann and Chopin in public, Debussy did not like to conform to the teachings of the Academy, instead using dissonance techniques and intervals which were considered unorthodox.Perhaps much too far ahead for his time, Debussy became very close to the patroness of famous Russian composer Tchaikovsky, who in turn regarded Debussy s work as lacking unity. After exposure to late composer Richard Wagered work, he then set about working on his style: a sensory component to his music and striking harmonies. His initial works, including the now famous Claim De Lune, shows his usage of Parthian modal composition as well as scales not usually employed in the style of music in that day and age.His usage of parallel chords, whole-tone and pentatonic scales as well as unprepared modulations would be essential to jazz music decades later. He also drew inspiration from other forms of art, such as literature and even from something as odd as mathematics. Indeed, he myself described his composition set of 12 piano à ©tudes simply titled ?à ©tudes as a warning to pianists not to take up the musical profession unless they have remarkable hands. Claude Debussy died of rectal cancer on 25 March 191 8, occurring whilst bombs rained down on Paris during World War l.His influence amongst classical composers such as B ©la Bartok, Igor Stravinsky and George Gershwin notwithstanding, he also reached the hearts and minds Of jazz composers such as Miles Davis, Theologies Monk, Duke Elongation and Herein Hancock. One could argue that people such as Miles Davis were not exactly the best ole models, and because Miles was influenced by Debussy, who was influenced by Wilhelm Wagner, who in turn was influenced by Mozart, does that make Mozart the belligerent of vulgar words and music?